For homeowners in Germany, there are numerous laws and support programs related to energy efficiency and climate protection. Many come across abbreviations like GEG, BEG, WEG, and EEG, which can initially seem confusing. But what exactly do these terms mean, and what should homeowners know about them? In this article, we explain the most important information and highlight which regulations and support options are particularly relevant for property owners.

GEG – Building Energy Act

The Building Energy Act (GEG) is the central law that regulates the energy consumption of buildings. It specifies how much energy a building is allowed to consume and the energy standards that new and existing buildings must meet. The GEG combines previous regulations such as the Energy Conservation Ordinance (EnEV) and the Renewable Energy Heat Act (EEWärmeG).

For homeowners, it is important to know that the GEG applies not only to new buildings but also to major renovations and energy-efficient upgrades. For instance, when installing a new heating system or insulating the roof, certain energy efficiency requirements must be met. The energy performance certificate, which is required when selling or renting out a building, is also governed by the GEG.

BEG – Federal Funding for Efficient Buildings

The Federal Funding for Efficient Buildings (BEG) is a support program designed to help property owners modernize their properties to improve energy efficiency. The goal of BEG is to enhance building energy efficiency and promote the use of renewable energies. Homeowners can receive grants or low-interest loans for various measures.

Supported measures include:

  • Insulation of walls, roofs, and floors
  • Replacement of windows and doors
  • Installation of energy-efficient heating systems (e.g., heat pumps or solar thermal systems)
  • Installation of ventilation systems with heat recovery

What is particularly interesting for property owners is that the BEG supports both individual measures and comprehensive renovations. Whether you want to replace just the heating system or bring your entire building up to the latest energy standards, you can apply for funding.

WEG – Condominium Act

The Condominium Act (WEG) regulates the rights and obligations of apartment owners within a homeowners' association. It plays a key role in decisions made in multi-unit buildings, such as renovations or the use of renewable energies.

For owners of apartments in multi-unit buildings, it is important to know that energy-efficient measures—such as installing photovoltaic systems or renovating the facade—often require the approval of other owners within the community. The WEG outlines how such decisions are made and how costs are shared.

In 2020, the WEG was reformed to make energy-efficient modernizations easier. Now, measures such as installing electric vehicle charging stations, solar systems, or improving energy efficiency can be more easily decided upon.

EEG – Renewable Energy Act

The Renewable Energy Act (EEG) regulates the expansion and promotion of renewable energies in Germany. The goal of the EEG is to increase the share of electricity generated from renewable sources, such as wind power, photovoltaics, or biomass. For owners of single-family or multi-family homes, the EEG is particularly relevant if they want to generate electricity using a photovoltaic system.

The EEG specifies how self-generated electricity is fed into the public grid and remunerated. For homeowners investing in solar systems, it is important to know that they receive compensation for the electricity fed into the grid. At the same time, they can use the self-produced electricity for their own needs, significantly reducing their energy costs.

What is especially important for homeowners?

For property owners, it is crucial to understand the different laws and support programs to make informed decisions about construction or renovation projects:

  • GEG: Ensure that the GEG requirements are met for new constructions or renovations. When undertaking energy-efficient measures, it may be worthwhile to consult an energy advisor to ensure that all regulations are complied with and that you can take advantage of any available funding opportunities.
  • BEG: If you are planning a renovation or modernization, it is worth checking out the BEG support programs. You can receive financial assistance for many energy-efficient measures.
  • WEG: If you are part of a homeowners' association, familiarize yourself with the WEG regulations. When energy-efficient modernizations are planned, resolutions often need to be passed that are binding for all owners.
  • EEG: Are you considering installing a photovoltaic system? Then you should familiarize yourself with the EEG regulations. In addition to feed-in compensation, you can save energy costs in the long term by using self-generated electricity.

Energy-efficient and future-proof living

The various laws and support programs related to energy efficiency and climate protection offer homeowners many opportunities to make their properties more future-proof and environmentally friendly. While the GEG sets minimum energy efficiency requirements, the BEG and EEG provide numerous incentives to support modernizations and the use of renewable energies. Homeowners' associations should also familiarize themselves with the WEG to collectively decide on energy-efficient measures.